Cognates for…Everything Else

This last group is a junk drawer for everything else that didn’t really fit into a category. That includes terms like bikini, menu, and shampoo as well as two places - bazaar, veranda(h).

This group is a big random. Among these, the most cognates could be found with shampoo. That being said, all of these terms except bikini had relatively higher numbers of languages where, within a certain a degree of certainty, they did not have cognate terms.

	shampoo	veranda	bazaar	menu
Languages with Cognate Terms	104	98	85	80
Languages Likely without Cognates	12	25	11	15
	0.908	0.808	0.880	0.842

The word bikini had more than 70 cognates. It might have more but more research is needed.

Language	Family	shampoo	veranda	bazaar	menu
Spanish	Indo-European	el champú	la veranda	el bazar	el menú
French	Indo-European	le shampooing	la véranda la varangue	le bazar	le menu,  la carte
Portuguese	Indo-European	o champô	a veranda	o bazar	o menu, o cardápio
Catalan	Indo-European	xampú	veranda	basar	menú
Romanian	Indo-European	Șampon	verandă	bazar	meniu
Italian	Indo-European	o shampoo,  o sciampo	la veranda	il bazar	il menù
Greek	Indo-European	σαμπουάν (sampouán)	βεράντα (verada)	παζάρι (pazári)	μενού (menoú)
Albanian	Indo-European	shampo	verandë	pazar	meny
Bulgarian	Indo-European	шампоан (šampoan)	веранда (veranda)	пазар (pazar)	меню (menju)
Serbo-Croatian	Indo-European	шампон - šampon	веранда - veranda	пазар - pazar	мени - meni
Ukrainian	Indo-European	шампунь (šampun')	веранда (veranda)	базар (bazar)	меню (menju)
Belarusian	Indo-European	шампунь (šampun')	веранда (veranda)	базар (bazar)	меню (menju)
Russian	Indo-European	шампунь (šampun')	веранда (veranda)	базар (bazar)	меню (menju)
Slovak	Indo-European	šampón	veranda		menu
Czech	Indo-European	šampón	veranda	bazar	menu
Polish	Indo-European	szampon	weranda	bazar	menu
Lithuanian	Indo-European	šampunas	veranda		meniu
Latvian	Indo-European	šampuns	veranda	bazārs
Armenian	Indo-European	շամպուն (šampun)	վերանդա (veranda)	բազար (bazar)	մենյու (menyu)
Welsh	Indo-European	siampw	feranda	basâr
German	Indo-European	Shampoo	die Veranda	der Basar	das Menü (comp.)
Swedish	Indo-European	schampo	veranda	basar	meny
Norwegian	Indo-European	sjampo	veranda	basar	meny
Danish	Indo-European	shampoo	veranda	basar	menu
Icelandic	Indo-European	sjampó	verönd	basar
Dutch	Indo-European	de shampoo	de veranda	de bazaar	het menu
Afrikaans	Indo-European	sjampoe	veranda	basaar	menu
Tajik	Indo-European	шампун (šampun)		бозор (bozor)	меню (menyu)
Persian/Farsi	Indo-European	šâmpu	bar-âmde	bâzâr	menu
Pashto	Indo-European	shaampu,  shempu	barânda	bāzãr	minyu (comp.)
Hindi	Indo-European	शैंपू (śaimpū)	बरामदा (barāmdā),  बरण्डा (baraṇḍā)	बाज़ार (bāzār),  बाजार (bājār)	मेनू (menū)
Bengali	Indo-European	শ্যাম্পু (śêmpu)	বারান্দা (baranda)	বাজার (bajar)	মেনু (menu)
Gujarati	Indo-European	શેમ્પૂ (śēmpū)	વરંડો (varando) વરંડ (varand) (uncommon)	બજાર (bajār)	મેનુ (menu)
Nepali	Indo-European	शैम्पू (śaimpū)	बरामदा (barāmadā)	बजार (bajār)	मेनु (menu)
Punjabi	Indo-European	ਸ਼ੈਂਪੂ (śaimpū)	ਵਰਾਂਡਾ (varāṇḍā) ਬਰਾਂਡਾ (barāṇḍā)	ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ (bāzār)	ਮੇਨੂ (menū)
Marathi	Indo-European	शाम्पू (śāmpū),  शॅम्पू (śĕmpū)	व्हरांडा (vharāṇḍā)	बाजार (bājār) used in 'stock exchange'	मेनू (menū)
Sinhalese	Indo-European	ෂැම්පු (ṣæmpu)	වෙරන්ඩා (veranḍā)	බසාර් (basār)	මෙනුව (menuva)
Assamese	Indo-European		বৰাণ্ডা (boraṇda), বাৰাণ্ডা (baranda)	বজাৰ (bozar, bojar)	মেনু (menu)
Georgian	Kartvelian	შამპუნი (šamṗuni)	ვერანდა (veranda)	ბაზარი (bazari)	მენიუ (meniu)
Chechen	Northeast Caucasian	шампунь (šampun')		базар (bazar)	меню (menyu)
Yakut	Turkic	шампунь (šampun')	веранда (veranda)	баһаар (bahaar)
Uyghur	Turkic	šampun		bazar
Bashkir	Turkic	шампунь (šampun')	веранда (veranda)	баҙар (baźar)	меню (menyu)
Tatar	Turkic	шампунь (šampun')	веранда (veranda)	базар (bazar)	меню (menyu)
Kazakh	Turkic	сусабын (susabyn)	веранда (veranda)	базар (bazar)	меню (menyu)
Uzbekh	Turkic	shampun	veranda	bozor	menyu
Karakalpak	Turkic			bazar
Kyrgyz	Turkic	шампунь (şampun)	веранда (veranda)	базар (bazar)	меню (menyu)
Turkmen	Turkic	şampun		bazar	menýu
Azeri	Turkic	şampun		bazar	menyu
Turkish	Turkic	şampuan	veranda	pazar	menü
Mongolian	Mongolic	шампунь (šampun')	веранда (veranda)
Greenlandic/ Kalaallisut	Eskaleut			basaari
Korean	Koreanic	샴푸 (syampu)	베란다 (beranda)	바자 (baja)	메뉴판 (menyupan),  메뉴 (menyu),
Japanese	Japonic	シャンプー (shanpū)	ベランダ (beranda)	バザール (bazāru),  バザー (bazā)	メニュー (menyū)
Hungarian	Uralic	sampon	veranda	bazár	menü
Estonian	Uralic	šampoon	veranda	basaari	menüü
Finnish	Uralic	shampoo	veranta	basaari
North Sami	Uralic	šámpu	veránda
Basque	Isolate	xanpu	beranda	bazar	menu(a)
isiXhosa	Niger-Congo		iveranda		imenyu
isiZulu	Niger-Congo	ishampu,  ishampoo	uvulandi	ibhaza	imenyu (comp)
Ndebele (Southern)	Niger-Congo		iveranda
KiKongo	Niger-Congo
Lingala	Niger-Congo	shampoing champoo, sampoo
SeSotho	Niger-Congo	shampu	foranta		menyu (comp)
Kirundi	Niger-Congo
Kinyarwanda	Niger-Congo
Yoruba	Niger-Congo	shampulu	fàrándà
Wolof	Niger-Congo	sampowe, sampoyee
Swahili	Niger-Congo	shampuu	varanda		menyu
Hausa	Afro-Asiatic	shamfu
Somali	Afro-Asiatic	shaambo	barande, barandaha
Oromo	Afro-Asiatic	shaampuun shampuun, shampoo	barandaa
Hebrew	Afro-Asiatic	shampu		bazar
Maltese	Afro-Asiatic	xampu		bażar	menù
Arabic	Afro-Asiatic	šāmbū	fāranda	bāzār	minyu, ményu
Hijazi Arabic	Afro-Asiatic	šāmbu, šāmpu
Egyptian Arabic	Afro-Asiatic	šambu	varanda, veranda
Moroccan Arabic	Afro-Asiatic	šampwān, šanpwān		bazar'	mûnü
Amharic	Afro-Asiatic	ሻምፑ (shampu)	በረንዳ (berenda)	ባዛር (bazar)
Tigrinya	Afro-Asiatic	ሻምፑ (shampu)	በረንዳ (berenda)	ባዛር (bazar)	menu
Tamil	Dravidian	ஷாம்பு (ṣāmpu)	வராண்டா (varāṇṭā) வராந்தா (varāntā),  விறாந்தை (viṟāntai)	pacār	மெனு (meṉu)
Telugu	Dravidian	షాంపూ (ṣāmpū)	వరండా (varaṇḍā)	bajāru	మెను (menu)
Kannada	Dravidian	ಶಾಂಪೂ (śāmpū)	ವರಾಂಡಾ (varāṇḍā)	bajār	ಮೆನು (menu)
Malayalam	Dravidian	ഷാംപൂ (ṣāṁpū)	വരാന്ത (varānta)		മെനു (menu)
Ilocano	Austronesian	siampo, siampu	beranda
Bikol	Austronesian	shampoo magshampoón (to shampoo)		basár	menu
Fijian	Austronesian		varada
Samoan	Austronesian
Hawaiian	Austronesian
Malagasay	Austronesian		lavarangana
Tagalog	Austronesian	siyampu	beranda	basar	menu
Cebuano/ Bisaya	Austronesian	syampu	beranda	basar	menu
Waray-Waray	Austronesian			básar	menú
Sundanese	Austronesian	sampo	beranda	pasar	menu
Basa Bali	Austronesian	ambuh, sampo	beranda	pasar
Javanese	Austronesian	sampo	beranda	pasar	menu
Bahasa Indonesia	Austronesian	sampo	beranda	bazar, pasar	menu
Bahasa Melayu	Austronesian	syampu	beranda	bazar pasar	menu
Tetum	Austronesian	xampó	varanda	basar	menu
White Hmong	Hmong-Mien
Khmer	Austroasiatic			pasaa	ម៉ឺនុយ (məɨnuy)
Vietnamese	Austroasiatic				menu (comp)
Mandarin	Sino-Tibetan	香波 (xiāngbō)		巴扎 (bāzhā),  巴剎 (bāshā)
Cantonese	Sino-Tibetan	hoeng1 bo1		baa1 saa1
Hokkien	Sino-Tibetan			pa-sat
Hakka	Sino-Tibetan
Wu	Sino-Tibetan	1shian-pu
DzongKha	Sino-Tibetan
Tibetan	Sino-Tibetan	ta-trü-ya shâm-bu
Burmese	Sino-Tibetan		wăranda		မီနူး (minu:)
Thai	Kra-Dai/Tai-Kadai	แชมพู (chɛɛm-puu),			เมนู (mee-nuu)
Lao	Kra-Dai/Tai-Kadai	nam nyā sa phom			ເມນູ (mē nū)
Shan	Kra-Dai/Tai-Kadai
Lü/Tai Lue	Kra-Dai/Tai-Kadai	nam⁶saʔ²hoo¹
Guaraní	Tupi-Guarani				menú
Quechua	Quechuan	shampu, champú
Tok Pisin	Creole		veranda		menyu
Bislama	Creole	sampo	vranda
Papiamentu	Creole	shampu	veranda	bazar	menú
Haitian Creole	Creole	chanpou			meni

Words of Note

The term bazaar has quite a lot of cognate terms with a lot of semantic variation. In languages like Macedonian and Indonesian, the words pazar and pesar are just words for ‘market’ without any real connotations. In English and French, the words bazaar and bazar don’t simply mean market but they refer to an open air market, often in the Middle East or South Asia. 

Doublets can also be used differently according to different regions. In Mandarin, the term bāshā (巴剎) is a word for market or bazaar used in Malaysia and Singapore while the doublet bāzhā (巴扎) is term used primarily in Xinjiang.

Veranda is also interesting for having nearly 100 cognate terms but also 25 languages where cognates are quite unlikely, making it a widely borrowed words but with the lowest proportion of borrowings.

	shampoo	veranda	bazaar	menu
Languages with Cognate Terms	104	98	85	80
Languages Likely without Cognates	10	25	11	15
	0.912	0.797	0.885	0.842